In the absence of a quick victory this creates the potential for those political divisions which historically have shifted the balance of forces in the metropolis in favor of withdrawal. Prosecuting the war consumes resources-economic, human, and political-which are thus not available for the pursuit of these other objectives. With no direct survival interest at stake, fighting the war does not take automatic priority over the pursuit of other social, political, and economic objectives. For external powers such wars are necessarily “limited,” which constrains escalation above certain levels. The Vietnam and Algerian wars have demonstrated that the overwhelming conventional military superiority of major powers is no guarantee against their defeat in wars against small nations.
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